It’s always a good idea to know who the competition is, so we took a quick roll around the internet to look at the National Championship results in a handful of the alpine powers. Some of the results are not surprising: Marlies Schild taking the Austrian slalom crown by 1.8 seconds or Didier Cuche the Swiss downhill title cannot be considered unexpected. But there are always racers who are something of a surprise and who might be indicating they are on the rise and could become World Cup powers in coming seasons.

Look at how Esther Good walked away with the Swiss women’s slalom, how Federica Brignone took it to Denise Karbon in the Italian women’s GS and notice junior racers Justin Murisier and Martin Stricker on the podium in Swiss national slalom. No doubt 20 year old Jessica Depauli claiming the Austrian women’s downhill is a feat and Look at how tight the Swiss and Austrian men’s speed races were.

There are plenty of other gems hidden in these results. See if you can spot a few.


Austrian National Championships

Men’s Downhill
Saalbach, Austria
March 24, 2011
1 Max Franz, AUT    1:37.98
2 Klaus Kroell, AUT    1:38.25
3 Joachim Puchner, AUT    1:38.31
4 Hannes Reichelt, AUT    1:38.60
5 Bernhard Graf, AUT    1:39.09
6 Bostjan Kline, SLO    1:39.41
7 Markus Duerager, AUT    1:39.44
8 Natko Zrncic-Dim, SLO    1:39.50
9 Rok Perko, SLO    1:39.51
10 Otmar Striedinger, AUT    1:39.75                          Max Franz – Gepa photo

Women’s Downhill
Saalbach, Austria
March 24, 2011
1 Jessica Depauli, AUT    1:43.36
2 Elisabeth Goergl, AUT    1:43.94
3 Nicole Schmidhofer, AUT    1:44.38
4 Christina Staudinger, AUT    1:45.08
5 Mariella Voglreiter, AUT    1:45.28
6 Stefanie Moser, AUT    1:45.35
6 Michaela Kirchgasser, AUT    1:45.35
8 Mirjam Puchner, AUT    1:46.18
9 Tamara Tippler, AUT    1:46.25
10 Margaret Altacher, AUT    1:46.33

Women’s super combined
Sallbach, Austria
March 25, 2011
1 Jessica Depauli, AUT    1:45.01
2 Michaela Kirchgasser, AUT    1:45.73
3 Margret Altacher, AUT    1:46.29
4 Stefanie Moser, AUT    1:46.78
5 Michaela Rainer, AUT    1:47.10
6 Sabrina Maier, AUT    1:47.75
7 Bozana Maksic, AUT    1:48.28
8 Nina Tipotsch, AUT    1:48.30
9 Theresa Thaler, AUT    1:48.86
9 Anna Schneeberger, AUT    1:48.86

Men’s super combined
Saalbach, Austria                                                                          
March 25, 2011                                              Jessica Depauli. Gepa photo
1 Marc Digruber, AUT    1:36.86
2 Bernhard Graf, AUT    1:36.87
3 Vincent Kriechmayr, AUT    1:37.13
4 Manuel Wieser, AUT    1:37.39
5 Johannes Kroell, AUT    1:37.71
6 Bjoern Sieber, AUT    1:38.12
7 Tin Siroki, CRO    1:38.12
8 Daniel Danklmaier, AUT    1:38.20
9 Bostjan Kline, SLO    1:38.27
10 Thomas Mayrpeter, AUT    1:38.40

Women’s super G
Saalbach, Austria
March 26, 2011
1 Anna Fenninger, AUT    1:01.73
2 Andrea Fischbacher, AUT    1:02.09
3 Nicole Schmidhofer, AUT    1:02.11
4 Michaela Kirchgasser, AUT    1:02.15
5 Margret Altacher, AUT    1:02.50
6 Christina Staudinger, AUT    1:02.59
7 Jessica Depauli, AUT    1:02.62
8 Nicole Hosp, AUT    1:02.76
9 Stefanie Moser, AUT    1:02.81
10 Mirjam Puchner, AUT    1:02.82

Men’s super G
Saalbach, Austria
March 26, 2011
1 Bjoern Sieber, AUT    1:00.01
2 Joachim Puchner, AUT    1:00.35
3 Florian Scheiber, AUT    1:00.41
4 Romed Baumann, AUT    1:00.47
5 Bernhard Graf, AUT    1:00.66
6 Matthias Mayer, AUT    1:00.76
7 Hannes Reichelt, AUT    1:00.82
8 Max Franz, AUT    1:01.02
9 Andrej Jerman, SLO    1:01.06
10 Frederic Berthold, AUT    1:01.14

Women’s Slalom
Saalbach, Austria
March 29, 2011
1 Marlies Schild, AUT    1:25.63
2 Alexandra Daum, AUT    1:27.43
3 Chiara Costazza, ITA    1:27.61
4 Marusa Ferk, SLO    1:28.47
5 Carmen Thalmann, AUT    1:28.54
6 Karen Persyn, BEL    1:29.09
7 Julia Dygruber, AUT    1:29.10
8 Ricarda Haaser, AUT    1:29.25
9 Lisa-Maria Reiss, AUT    1:29.63
10 Lisa-Maria Zeller, AUT    1:29.78

Men’s Slalom
Saalbach, Austria
March 29, 2011
1 Manfred Pranger, AUT    1:18.35
2 Christoph Dreier, AUT    1:19.09
3 Reinfried Herbst, AUT    1:19.17
4 Wolfgang Hoerl, AUT    1:19.43
5 Filip Trejbal, CZE    1:19.54
6 Krystof Kryzl, CZE    1:20.01
7 Christoph Noesig, AUT    1:20.18
8 Marc Digruber, AUT    1:20.28
9 Bernard Vajdic, SLO    1:21.16
10 Philipp Schoerghofer, AUT    1:21.38

Women’s Giant Slalom
Saalbach, Austria
March 30, 2011
1 Ana Drev, SLO    1:59.78
2 Lisa-Maria Reiss, AUT    2:00.75
3 Julia Dygruber, AUT    2:00.87
4 Margret Altacher, AUT    2:01.11
5 Martina Geisler, AUT    2:01.22
6 Christina Staudinger, AUT    2:01.29
7 Stefanie Wopfner, AUT    2:01.62
8 Mirjam Puchner, AUT    2:01.66
9 Kathrin Auer, AUT    2:01.81
10 Agnieszka Gasienca Daniel, POL    2:01.90

Men’s Giant Slalom
Saalbach, Austria
March 30, 2011
1 Philipp Schoerghofer, AUT    1:54.91
2 Christoph Noesig, AUT    1:55.30
3 Roland Leitinger, AUT    1:55.34
4 Krystof Kryzl, CZE    1:55.59
5 Bernard Vajdic, SLO    1:55.83
6 Marcel Mathias, AUT    1:56.20
7 Janez Jazbec, SLO    1:56.60
8 Bjoern Sieber, AUT    1:56.73
9 Matic Skube, SLO    1:56.77
10 Vincent Kriechmayr, AUT    1:56.87

Swiss National Championships

Men’s Super Combined
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 23, 2011
1 Beat Feuz, SUI    2:14.65
2 Mauro Caviezel, SUI    2:14.84
3 Justin Murisier, SUI    2:15.05
4 Marc Berthod, SUI    2:15.19
5 Christian Spescha, SUI    2:15.47
6 Marc Gisin, SUI    2:15.64
7 Thomas Singer, SUI    2:15.82
8 Bernhard Niederberger, SUI    2:16.03
9 Ami Oreiller, SUI    2:16.09
10 Samuel Antoni, SUI    2:16.92

Women’s Downhill
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 23, 2011
1 Marianne Abderhalden, SUI    1:36.24
2 Wendy Holdener, SUI    1:36.26
3 Fraenzi Aufdenblatten, SUI    1:36.40
4 Jasmin Flurey, SUI    1:36.47
5 Corinne Suter, SUI    1:36.52
6 Martina Schild, SUI    1:36.79
7 Priska Nufer, SUI    1:37.00
8 Denise Feierabend, SUI    1:37.07
9 Carolina Ruiz Castillo, SPA    1:37.35
10 Jasmin Rothmund, SUI    1:37.68

Men’s Downhill
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 24, 2011
1 Didier Cuche, SUI    1:31.68
2 Marc Berthod, SUI    1:32.09
3 Patrick Kueng, SUI    1:32.15
3 Thomas Singer, SUI    1:32.15
5 Vitus Lueoend, SUI    1:32.17
5 Beat Feuz, SUI    1:32.17
7 Ambrosi Hoffmann, SUI    1:32.23
8 Christian Spescha, SUI    1:32.72
9 Nils Mani, SUI    1:32.77
10 Justin Mursier, SUI    1:32.78
10 Ralf Kreuzer, SUI    1:32.78

Women’s Super Combined
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 24, 2011
1 Marianne Abderhalden, SUI    2:22.70
2 Denise Feierabend, SUI    2:23.40
3 Wendy Holdener, SUI    2:23.91
4 Jasmin Rothmund, SUI    2:25.19
5 Andrea Thuerler, SUI    2:25.33
6 Jasmin Flury, SUI    2:25.46
7 Priska Nufer, SUI    2:25.64
8 Michele Gisin, SUI    2:25.71
9 Andrea Jardi, SPA    2:26.55
10 Carolina Ruiz Castillo, SPA    2:26.58

Men’s super G
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 25, 2011
1 Christian Spescha, SUI    1:20.01
1 Mauro Caviezel, SUI    1:20.01
3 Thomas Singer, SUI    1:20.05
4 Justin Murisier, SUI    1:20.08
5 Patrick Kueng, SUI    1:20.16
6 Nils Mani, SUI    1:20.20
7 Ralf Kreuzer, SUI    1:20.23
8 Beat Feuz, SUI    1:20.26
9 Tobias Gruenenfelder, SUI    1:20.54
10 Beat Gafner, SUI 1:20.82

Women’s super G
St Moritz, Switzerland
March 25, 2011
1 Jasmin Flury, SUI    1:24.47
2 Marianne Abderhalden, SUI    1:24.48
3 Martina Schild, SUI    1:24.76
4 Denise Feierabend, SUI    1:25.20
5 Priska Nufer, SUI    1:25.62
6 Corinne Suter, SUI    1:26.14
7 Jasmin Rothmund, SUI    1:26.16
8 Michelle Gisin, SUI    1:26.43
9 Jasmina Suter, SUI    1:26.45
10 Vanessa Schaedler, LIE    1:26.50

Men’s Giant Slalom
Lenzerheide, Switzerland
March 26, 2011
1 Reto Schmidiger, SUI    1:57.07
2 Carlo Janka, SUI    1:57.23
3 Sandro Jenal, SUI    1:57.58
4 Marc Berthod, SUI    1:57.94
5 Manuel Pleisch, SUI    1:58.31
6 Beat Fuez, SUI    1:58.41
7 Marc Gini, SUI    1:58.49
8 Thomas Tumler, SUI    1:58.60
9 Justin Murisier, SUI    1:58.81
10 Amaury Genoud, SUI    1:59.18

Women’s Slalom
Lenzerheide, Switzerland
March 26, 2001
1 Esther Good, SUI    1:29.63
2 Marina Nigg, LIE    1:31.04
3 Wendy Holdener, SUI    1:31.41
4 Rebecca Buehler, LIE    1:31.66
5 Celina Hangl, SUI    1:31.67
6 Michelle Gisin, SUI    1:31.89
7 Jasmin Rothmund, SUI    1:32.14
8 Jessica Puenchera, SUI    1:32.63
9 Karen Persyn, BEL    1:32.75
10 Rina Mueller, SUI    1:33.05

Men’s Slalom
Lenzerheide, Switzerland
March 27, 2011
1 Reto Schmidiger, SUI    1:28.00
2 Justin Murisier, SUI    1:28.95
3 Martin Stricker, SUI    1:29.32
4 Patrick Bechter, AUT    1:29.43
5 Marc Berthod, SUI    1:29.67
6 Markus Vogel, SUI    1:29.80
7 Sandro Boner, SUI    1:30.20
8 Mauro Caviezel, SUI    1:30.49
9 Ramon Zenhaeusern, SUI    1:30.58
10 Gabriel Anthamatten, SUI    1:31.52

Women’s Giant Slalom
Lenzerheide, Switzerland
March 27, 2011
1 Tina Weirather, LIE    2:05.89
2 Celia Bournissen, SUI    2:06.18
3 Wendy Holdener, SUI    2:06.31
4 Kathrin Fuher, SUI    2:06.62
5 Celina Hangl, SUI    2:06.70
6 Fraenzi Aufdenblatten, SUI    2:07.62
7 Fabienne Janka, SUI    2:07.84
8 Marianne Abderhalden, SUI    2:08.06
9 Priska Nufer, SUI    2:08.17
10 Jasmine Flury, SUI    2:08.21

Italian National Championships

Women’s Downhill
Pila, Italy
March 23, 2011
1 Elena Fanchini, ITA    1:29.19
2 Camilla Borsotti, ITA    1:29.62
3 Francesca Marsaglia, ITA    1:29.77
4 Hilary Longhini, ITA    1:30.19
5 Elena Curtoni, ITA    1:30.20
6 Lisa Magdalena Agerer, ITA    1:30.55
7 Enrica Cipriani, ITA    1:30.68
8 Verena Stuffer, ITA    1:31.11
9 Janica Schenk, ITA    1:31.21
10 Sabrina Fanchini, ITA    1:31.25

Women’s super Combined
Pila, Italy
March 24, 2011
1 Elena Curtoni, ITA    2:12.50
2 Federica Burtoni, ITA    2:12.94
3 Sabrina Fanchini, ITA    2:13.06
4 Lisa Magdalena Agerer, ITA    2:13.06
5 Enrica Cipriani, ITA    2:13.58
5 Francesca Marsaglia, ITA    2:13.58
7 Camilla Borsotti, ITA    2:13.76
8 Elena Fanchini, ITA    2:14.17
9 Giulia Gianesini, ITA    2:14.63
10 Chiara Carratu, ITA    2:15.35

Women’s super G
Pila, Italy
March 25, 2011
1 Hilary Longhini, ITA    1:19.64
2 Camilla Borsotti, ITA    1:19.80
3 Johanna Schnarf, ITA    1:19.90
4 Francesca Marsaglia, ITA    1:19.95
5 Elena Curtoni, ITA    1:20.28
6 Enrica Cipriani, ITA    1:20.28
7 Verena Stuffer, ITA    1:20.43
8 Lisa Magdalena Agerer, ITA    1:20.70
9 Sabrini Fanchini, ITA    1:20.75
10 Elena Fanchini, ITA    1:20.84

Women’s Giant Slalom
Courmayeur, Italy
March 26, 2001
1 Federica Brignone, ITA    2:34.05
2 Denise Karbon,
ITA    2:35.12
3 Giulia Gianesini, ITA    2:36.03
4 Lisa Magdalena Agerer, ITA    2:36.32
5 Anna Hofer, ITA    2:37.51
6 Francesca Marsaglia, ITA    2:37.83
7 Sabrina Fanchini, ITA    2:38.10
8 Maria Jose Rienda, SPA    2:38.51
9 Sarah Pardeller, ITA    2:38.62
10 Camilla Borsotti, ITA    2:38.76

Women’s Slalom
Courmayeur, Italy
March 27, 2011
1 Chiara Costazza, ITA    1:28.63
2 Federica Brignone, ITA    1:28.97
3 Irene Curtoni, ITA    1:29.29
4 Johanna Schnarf, ITA    1:29.61
5 Elena Curtoni, ITA    1:30.06
6 Sarah Pardeller, ITA    1:30.44
7 Chiara Carratu, ITA    1:30.51
8 Karen Persyn, BEL    1:31.06
9 Daniela Merighetti, ITA    1:31.08
10 Nicole Gius, ITA    1:31.41

Men’s Downhill
La Thuile, Italy
March 23, 2011
1 Matteo Marsaglia, ITA    1:25.25
2 Hagen Patscheider, ITA    1:25.45
3 Dominik Paris, ITA    1:25.58
4 Mattia Casse, ITA    1:25.80
5 Giovanni Borsotti, ITA    1:26.13
6 Siegmar Klotz, ITA    1:26.18
7 Paolo Pangrazzi, ITA    1:26.40
8 Mirko Deflorian, MDA    1:26.49
9 Silvano Varettoni, ITA    1:26.55
10 Stefan Thanei, ITA    1:26.90

Men’s super Combined
La Thuile, Italy
March 24, 2011
1 Mattia Casse, ITA    2:02.39
2 Matteo Marsaglia, ITA    2:02.56
3 Giovanni Borsotti, ITA    2:02.81
4 Paolo Pangrazzi, ITA    2:02.88
5 Dominik Paris, ITA    2:03.13
6 Hagen Patscheider, ITA    2:03.37
7 Siegmar Klotz, ITA    2:03.47
8 Giulio Bosca, ITA    2:04.15
9 Elmar Hofer, ITA    2:04.38
10 Silvano Varettoni, ITA    2:04.66

Men’s super G
La Thuile, Italy
March 25, 2011
1 Giovanni Borsotti, ITA    1:13.61
2 Matteo Marsaglia, ITA    1:13.73
3 Hagen Patscheider, ITA    1:14.01
4 Dominik Paris, ITA    1:15.19
5 Michael Gufler, ITA    1:15.51
6 Stefan Thanei, ITA    1:15.52
7 Paolo Pangrazzi, ITA    1:15.69
8 Siegmar Klotz, ITA    1:15.94
9 Andrea Ravelli, ITA    1:16.09
10 Florian Eisath, ITA    1:16.25

Men’s Giant Slalom
La Thuile, Italy
March 26, 2011
1 Florian Eisath, ITA    2:09.17
2 Massimiliano Blardone, ITA    2:09.32
3 Michael Gufler, ITA    2:10.20
4 Luca DeAliprandini, ITA    2:10.41
5 Matteo Marsaglia, ITA    2:10.48
6 Cristian Deville, ITA    2:10.79
7 Kurt Pittschieler, ITA    2:10.92
8 Jonas Senoner, ITA    2:10.93
9 Omar Longhi, ITA    2:11.08
10 Stefano Gross, ITA    2:11.23

Men’s Slalom
La Thuile, Italy
March 27, 2011
1 Giuliano Razzoli, ITA    1:30.57
2 Cristian Deville, ITA    1:31.40
3 Patrick Thaler, ITA    1:32.58
4 Roberto Nani, ITA    1:32.74
5 Thierry Marguerettaz, ITA    1:33.96
6 Matteo Marsaglia, ITA    1:34.00
7 Giulio Bosca, ITA    1:34.22
8 Kurt Pittschieler, ITA    1:34.24
9 Andrea Dorotei, ITA    1:34.51
10 Matthias Thaler, ITA    1:34.63

German National Championships

Men’s Downhill
Garmisch, Germany
March 22, 2011
1 Andreas Sander, GER    1:07.47
2 Stephan Keppler, GER    1:08.06
3 Andreas Romar, FIN    1:08.17
4 Klaus Brandner, GER    1:08.64
5 Philipp Zepnik, GER    1:08.69
6 Hannes Wagner, GER    1:08.86
7 Marvin Ackermann, GER    1:08.87
8 Christian Ferstl, GER    1:09.57
9 Thomas Dressen, GER    1:09.63
10 Julian Giacomelli, GER    1:09.68

Women’s Downhill
Garmisch, Germany
March 22, 2011
1 Veronique Hronek, GER    1:11.25
2 Susanne Riesch, GER    1:11.56
3 Isabelle Stiepel, GER    1:11.59
4 Michaela Schmotz, GER    1:11.70
5 Iris Dorsch, GER    1:11.95
6 Sara Micheler, GER    1:12.73
7 Patrizia Dorsch, GER    1:12.82
8 Christian Geiger, GER    1:13.44
9 Marlene Schmotz, GER    1:13.56
10 Nicola Schmid, GER    1:13.77

Men’s Super Combined
Garmisch, Germany
March 23, 2011
1 Andreas Romar, FIN    1:48.07
2 Hannes Wagner, GER    1:48.34
3 Andreas Sander, GER    1:48.80
4 Klaus Brandner, GER    1:49.98
5 Anton Lindebner, GER    1:49.95
6 Lukas Aicher, GER    1:50.13
7 Marvin Ackermann, GER    1:50.25
8 Arjan Wanders, NED    1:50.35
9 Ryo Sugai, JPN    1:50.46
10 Benjamin Griffin, NZE    1:50.51
10 Alexander Koell, SWE    1:50.51

Women’s Super Combined
Garmisch, Germany
March 23, 2011
1 Susanne Riesch, GER    1:52.47
2 Christina Geiger, GER    1:54.41
3 Veronique Hronek, GER    1:54.45
4 Nicola Schmid, GER    1:54.67
5 Michaela Schmotz, GER    1:54.77
6 Isabelle Stiepel, GER    1:54.78
7 Iris Dorsch, GER    1:54.95
8 Anne Kissling, GER    1:55.02
9 Marlene Schmotz, GER    1:55.71
10 Marina Wallner, GER    1:56.45

Men’s super G
Garmisch, Germany
March 25, 2011
1 Andreas Romar, FIN    1:12.04
2 Andreas Sander, GER    1:12.06
3 Stephan Keppler, GER    1:12.52
4 Marcel Mathis, AUT    1:12.55
5 Philipp Zepnik, GER    1:12.92
6 Hannes Wagner, GER    1:13.24
7 Marvin Ackermann, GER    1:13.33
8 Anton Lindebner, GER    1:13.43
9 Arjan Wanders, NED    1:13.47
10 Lukas Aicher, GER    1:13.62

Women’s super G
Garmisch, Germany
March 25, 2011
1 Veronique Hronek, GER    1:14.71
2 Susanne Riesch, GER    1:15.17
3 Viktoria Rebensburg, GER    1:15.29
4 Isabelle Stiepel, GER    1:16.03
5 Michaela Schmotz, GER    1:16.73
6 Anne Kissling, GER    1:17.01
7 Ronja Mayr, GER    1:17.09
8 Marlene Schmotz, GER    1:17.19
9 Nicola Schmid, GER    1:17.33
10 Patrizia Dorsch, GER    1:17.41

Men’s Slalom
Gotschen/Jenner, Germany
March 26, 2011
1 Fritz Dopfer, GER    1:30.38
2 Felix Neureuther, GER    1:30.75
3 Sebastian Liebl, GER    1:31.66
4 Christopher Noesig, AUT    1:32.16
5 Stefan Luitz, GER  
  1:32.43
6 Thomas Krautschneider, AUT    1:32.49 6
7 Christian Gruber, GER    1:32.61
8 Martin Bischof, AUT    1:32.89
9 Fabian Datzer, GER    1:33.11
10 Manuel Feller, AUT    1:33.15

Women’s Giant Slalom
Gotschen/Jenner, Germany
March 26, 2011
1 Veronika Staber, GER    2:24.72
2 Simona Hoesl, GER    2:25.87
3 Veronique Hronek, GER    2:26.01
4 Julia Dygruber, AUT    2:26.21
5 Agnieszka Gasienica Daniel, POL    2:26.32
6 Monica Huebner, GER    2:26.57
7 Michaela Schmotz, GER    2:26.60
8 Iris Dorsch, GER    2:26.61
9 Barbara Wirth, GER    2:26.92
10 Christina Geiger, GER    2:26.92

Men’s Giant Slalom
Gotschen/Jenner, Germany
March 27, 2011
1 Dominik Schwaiger, GER    2:24.26
2 Martin Bischof, AUT    2:24.31
3 Philipp Schmid, GER    2:24.32
4 Stephan Zuev, RUS    2:24.81
5 Stefan Luitz, GER    2:24.85
6 Johannes Strolz, AUT    2:24.86
7 Janez Jazbec, SLO    2:24.98
8 Philipp Zepnik, GER    2:25.05
9 Miha Kuerner, SLO    2:25.16
10 Fritz Dopfer, GER    2:25.40

Women’s Slalom
Gotschen/Jenner, Germany
March 27, 2011
1 Alexandra Daum, AUT    1:37.85
2 Aleksandra Klus, POL    1:37.91
3 Agnieszka Gasienica Daniel, POL    1:38.49
4 Christina Geiger, GER    1:38.53
5 Fanny Chmelar, GER    1:39.09
6 Monica Huebner, GER    1:39.13
7 Susanne Riesch, GER    1:39.49
8 Veronika Staber, GER    1:39.51
9 Baraba Wirth, GER    1:40.15
10 Lisa-Marie Zeller, AUT    1:40.16

Share This Article

About the Author: Hank McKee

In memoriam: The veteran of the staff, McKee started with Ski Racing in 1980. Over the seasons, he covered virtually every aspect of the sport, from the pro tours to junior racing, freestyle and World Cup alpine competition. He wrote the first national stories for many U.S. team stars, and was still around to report on their retirements. “Longevity has its rewards,” he said, “but it’s a slow process.”